With a population approaching 35 million, Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia. Since 1993, UNFPA has been working closely with the national government and civil society to advance sexual and reproductive health and rights, promote gender equality, improve access to family planning, and ensure youth-friendly health services. UNFPA has also been supporting the country to integrate demographic data and population forecasts into national planning, and to prepare for the 2023 Population and Housing Census, the first one to be conducted nationally since 1989.

As an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, UNFPA's fifth Country Programme of cooperation with the government of Uzbekistan spans 2021 to 2025.